diff --git a/compiler/gengo/gengo.go b/compiler/gengo/gengo.go
index 3e31b41..cc44fbf 100644
--- a/compiler/gengo/gengo.go
+++ b/compiler/gengo/gengo.go
@@ -232,6 +232,45 @@ func (g *Generator) emitPushSymbol(name string) {
 	g.writeln(fmt.Sprintf("t.PushSymbol(t.GetSym(&%s, %q))", v, name))
 }
 
+// negateLiteral produces a new literal that represents -lit. Handles
+// INT and DOUBLE (as a textual prefix). Returns (nil, false) for
+// non-numeric literals or an already-negative INT whose negation would
+// overflow int64.
+func negateLiteral(lit *ast.LiteralExpr) (*ast.LiteralExpr, bool) {
+	switch lit.Kind {
+	case token.INT:
+		n, err := strconv.ParseInt(lit.Value, 10, 64)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, false
+		}
+		// Guard: math.MinInt64 has no positive twin — let the VM's
+		// runtime coerce-to-double path handle it.
+		if n == -1<<63 {
+			return nil, false
+		}
+		return &ast.LiteralExpr{
+			ValuePos: lit.ValuePos,
+			Kind:     token.INT,
+			Value:    strconv.FormatInt(-n, 10),
+		}, true
+	case token.DOUBLE:
+		// Syntactically prefix `-` or flip an existing leading `-`.
+		if strings.HasPrefix(lit.Value, "-") {
+			return &ast.LiteralExpr{
+				ValuePos: lit.ValuePos,
+				Kind:     token.DOUBLE,
+				Value:    lit.Value[1:],
+			}, true
+		}
+		return &ast.LiteralExpr{
+			ValuePos: lit.ValuePos,
+			Kind:     token.DOUBLE,
+			Value:    "-" + lit.Value,
+		}, true
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
 // foldLiteralTree recursively folds BinaryExpr subtrees into LiteralExpr
 // where both operands eventually collapse to literals. Non-foldable
 // subtrees come back unchanged. Used as a preorder pre-pass so the
@@ -1137,6 +1176,22 @@ func (g *Generator) emitAssign(a *ast.AssignExpr, locals localMap) {
 		if idx, found := locals[strings.ToUpper(ident.Name)]; found {
 			switch a.Op {
 			case token.ASSIGN:
+				// Peephole: `x := x + <expr>` / `x := x - <expr>` →
+				// LocalAdd. Same result as `x += <expr>` but lets the
+				// PRG side use the explicit form without penalty.
+				if be, ok := a.Right.(*ast.BinaryExpr); ok &&
+					(be.Op == token.PLUS || be.Op == token.MINUS) {
+					if lid, isIdent := be.Left.(*ast.IdentExpr); isIdent {
+						if selfIdx, found := locals[strings.ToUpper(lid.Name)]; found && selfIdx == idx {
+							g.emitExpr(be.Right)
+							if be.Op == token.MINUS {
+								g.writeln("t.Negate()")
+							}
+							g.writeln(fmt.Sprintf("t.LocalAdd(%d)", idx))
+							return
+						}
+					}
+				}
 				g.emitExpr(a.Right)
 				g.writeln(fmt.Sprintf("t.PopLocalFast(%d)", idx))
 			case token.PLUSEQ:
@@ -1826,6 +1881,16 @@ func (g *Generator) emitExpr(expr ast.Expr) {
 			g.emitBinaryOp(e.Op)
 		}
 	case *ast.UnaryExpr:
+		// Fold `-<literal>` to a negative literal at compile time so
+		// `-42` becomes PushInt(-42) instead of PushInt(42) + Negate().
+		if e.Op == token.MINUS {
+			if lit, ok := e.X.(*ast.LiteralExpr); ok {
+				if neg, ok := negateLiteral(lit); ok {
+					g.emitLiteral(neg)
+					break
+				}
+			}
+		}
 		g.emitExpr(e.X)
 		g.emitUnaryOp(e.Op)
 	case *ast.AssignExpr: