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harbour-core/harbour/doc/gmake.txt
1999-06-18 07:13:23 +00:00

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#
# $Id$
#
INTRODUCTION
============
This file explains the philosophy for the GNU-make based build system
for Harbour, and gives instructions on how to use it.
PHILOSOPHY
==========
This build system is based on GNU-make, the idea being that GNU-make
is freely available for every platform you can dream up, and it is
usually more powerful than any native make.
Each directory in the project contains one makefile, called Makefile,
which lists the data (file names, directory names, etc.) that is used
to determine how to bring ever target up to date within that
directory. There are no rules in the Makefiles, to keep them
platform-independent. The rules itself are included from the
"appropriate" configuration file.
For example, this could be the Makefile for the VM library:
-- Cut here ---------------------------------------
#
# $Id$
#
ROOT = ../../
C_SOURCES=\
dynsym.c \
hvm.c \
initsymb.c \
LIB=vm
include $(TOP)$(ROOT)config/lib.cf
-- Cut here ---------------------------------------
What this means is:
* The root of the source directory is in ../../; that is where the
config/ directory lives, with all the real rules to make the
targets.
* The only sources in this directory are C sources (three files).
* The library name is "vm". This will be translated to a real file
name depending on the rules file: "libvm.a" on Unix, "VM.LIB" on
DOS.
* The final line includes the rules file. In this case, we include a
set of rules to build a library.
Let's look at another Makefile, this one for the Harbour compiler:
-- Cut here ---------------------------------------
#
# $Id$
#
ROOT = ../../
YACC_SOURCE=harbour.y
LEX_SOURCE=harbour.l
C_SOURCES=\
genobj32.c \
C_MAIN=harbour.c
include $(TOP)$(ROOT)config/bin.cf
-- Cut here ---------------------------------------
Notice how we now have other kinds of source files: yacc sources and
lex sources. Also, since this is a Makefile for a stand-alone
executable, we indicate the name for the file containing the "main"
function, which also defines the executable name. The rules included
in this Makefile are those appropriate to build a stand-alone binary.
One final Makefile, this one from the source directory:
#
# $Id$
#
-- Cut here ---------------------------------------
ROOT = ../
DIRS=\
compiler \
hbpp \
rtl \
vm \
rdd \
tools \
include $(ROOT)config/dir.cf
-- Cut here ---------------------------------------
This Makefile is used to traverse the subdirectories hanging from the
current directory. It simply lists all the subdirectories to be
traversed.
Now. let's take a look at the rules themselves. They all live in the
config/ directory, with the following structure:
config/: The generic configuration files.
config/win32: Configuration files for win32 platforms.
Finally, you will notice one thing: the build system compiles
everything into a subdirectory (for example, win32/gcc for WIN32 files
compiled with gcc). This has two advantages:
1. It allows you to compile for multiple platforms/compilers at the
same time.
2. It creates all temporary, object, binary, intermediate, etc. files
in the subdirectory; cleaning up is very easy.
USAGE
=====
To use the system, you need to install GNU-make 3.75 or later in your
system. To check this, type "make -v"; you should see
GNU Make version 3.75, by Richard Stallman and Roland McGrath.
...
Then, you must set a couple of environment variables that indicate
your architecture and compiler.
For gcc on Win95/WinNT:
HB_ARCHITECTURE win32
HB_COMPILER gcc
For MSVC on Win95/WinNT:
HB_ARCHITECTURE win32
HB_COMPILER msvc
For GCC on Linux:
HB_ARCHITECTURE linux
HB_COMPILER gcc
These are the only two supported compilers right now (guess which ones
I own).
If you issue a "make install", it will try to install your header,
executable and library files into directories given by
HB_BIN_DIR
HB_LIB_DIR
HB_INC_DIR
You can set those as environment variables too.
The most used targets are these:
* all: Same as typing "make" without arguments. It will usually try to
compile and link the obvious target in the directory.
* clean: Clean up everything made by make.
* install: Install stuff into the appropriate directory.